หนักไปกว่านั้นยังมีการแชร์ไปถึงขนาดว่า การฉีดวัคซีนโควิด-19 จะเพิ่มขนาดอวัยวะเพศชายให้ยาวขึ้นได้ถึง 3 นิ้ว ทั้ง 2 ข่าวอ้างงานวิจัย แต่จากการตรวจสอบพบว่าเป็นข่าวปลอมทั้งหมด ตั้งแต่งานวิจัยจากมหาวิทยาลัยแคลิฟอร์เนียที่อ้างกลุ่มตัวอย่างทำการศึกษา 1,500 คน ก็ไม่มีอยู่จริง หรืออ้างวารสารวิชาการ The New Ingland Journal of Merdecine ที่เป็นวารสารที่ไม่มีอยู่จริง โดยวารสารที่มีจริงคือ The New England Journal of Medicine ซึ่งก็ไม่เคยตีพิมพ์บทความทำนองนี้แต่อย่างใด แม้กระทั่งสำนักข่าว CNN ก็ไม่เคยเสนอข่าวตามภาพที่นำมาอ้างกันด้วย เช่นเดียวกับตรวจสอบจากสำนักข่าว AFP และ อีกหลายสำนักสรุปตรงกันข่าวที่อ้าง CNN นี้เป็นข่าวลวง
ความท้าทายของการเป็นพลเมืองดิจิทัลคือ ผู้คนในยุคปัจจุบันมีความหลากหลาย ที่เรียกกันว่า Generation ซึ่งมีทั้ง Baby Boomer, Gen X, Gen Y, Gen Z และ Gen Alpha โดยที่ผ่านมาความแตกต่างระหว่างผู้คนในแต่ละรุ่นอาจมีไม่มากนัก แต่การเข้ามากระทบของเทคโนโลยีดิจิทัล หรือ Digital Disruption กับวิถีชีวิตอย่างหนักหน่วง ทำให้ผู้คนที่ถูกเรียกว่า Gen Z และ Gen Alpha มีพฤติกรรม ความคิด และความเชื่อแตกต่างอย่างคนรุ่นก่อนหน้าค่อนข้างชัดเจน เนื่องจากเติบโตมาในสิ่งแวดล้อมดิจิทัลหรือชาวดิจทัลดั้งเดิม (Digital Natives) ที่ทะลายกำแพงด้านสถานที่และเวลา ทำให้ได้เห็น ได้เรียนรู้ ได้ทราบเหตุการณ์รอบตัวและรอบโลกอย่างหลากหลายและรวดเร็ว ในขณะที่ Baby Boomer, Gen X, Gen Y ซึ่งมีวิถีชีวิตแบบผู้อพยพเข้าสู่ยุคดิจิทัล (Digital Immigrants) ต้องมีการปรับตัวในการใช้ชีวิตยุคดิจิทัลอย่างมาก โดยความแตกต่างนี้ถูกกระตุ้นให้ชัดเจนและมีการส่งต่อมากขึ้นด้วยสื่อสังคมออนไลน์ ปรากฏการณ์นี้เองอาจก่อให้เกิดความแตกแยก ความเป็นอื่น และความเกลียดชังได้ นอกจากความท้าทายด้านการจัดการความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างพลเมืองดิจิทัลซึ่งเป็นคนต่างรุ่นแล้ว ยังมีความท้าทายด้านอื่นๆ ที่อาจเกิดขึ้นในประเด็นทางสังคมและเศรษฐกิจ ซึ่งเกิดจากการที่เทคโนโลยีเปลี่ยนแปลงรูปแบบการใช้ชีวิตของมนุษย์
ความเสมอภาคในยุคดิจิทัล (Digital Equity) ความเสมอภาคเป็นธรรมในยุคดิจิทัลจะช่วยลดความเหลื่อมล้ำ และ ส่งเสริมให้เพลเมืองดิจิทัล มีความพร้อมและเข้มแข็งในการรับมือและเผชิญกับโอกาส ความท้าย รวมถึงอุปสรรคที่จะมากับการปฏิวัติอุตสาหกรรมครั้งที่สี่ ซึ่งมีความซับซ้อนมากกว่ากว่าการปฏิวัติอุตสาหกรรมครั้งที่ผ่านมาก ภายใต้แนวคิดการพัฒนาที่ยังยืน (Sustainable Development Goals) ของสหประชาชาติที่จะไม่ทิ้งใครไว้ข้างหลัง (Leaving no one behind) นับเป็นภารกิจที่สำคัญมากที่สุดแต่ท้าทายมากที่สุดเช่นกัน คือการต้องทำให้การเข้าถึงและใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตอย่างมีทักษะเป็นสิทธิทางสังคม (Internet Access & Digital Skills as Social Rights)
Dqinstitute. Digital Citizenship. 2020. [cited in 2020 November 23]. Available from: https://www.dqinstitute.org/dq-framework
Kusnadi IH., & Hikmawan MD. Digital Cohesion in Era of Pandemic COVID-19 in Indonesia. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology 2020; 13: 1775-1779
Moonsun Choi.A Concept Analysis of Digital Citizenship for Democratic Citizenship Education in the Internet Age. Theory & Research in Social Education 2016; 44: 565-607.
Simon Kemp. Digital 2020: Global Digital Overview. 2020 January [cited in 2020 November 23]. Available from: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2020-global-digital-overview
Unesco. Conference on Digital Citizenship Education in Asia-Pacific Outcome Document. 2017 March. [ เข้าถึงเมื่อ 2020 พฤศจิกายน 23]. เข้าถึงได้จาก: https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/dkap-conference-outcome-mar2017.pdf
Estellés, M., & Fischman, G. E. (2020). Imagining a Post-COVID-19 Global Citizenship Education. Práxis Educativa, 15, 1-14.
The International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN) has partnered with Cofact, Thailand’s first collaborative fact-checking platform, to train Thai fact-checkers, journalists and academics.
“Fact-checking has never been more important than it is now given that we see misinformation continue to spread regarding the Covid-19 pandemic, and our organisation can provide the tools to our Thai friends to ensure they shine a light on the truth,” said IFCN director Baybars Örsek.
The IFCN is the fact-checking organisation of choice for several major media corporations, including Google and Facebook.Orsek was speaking on Thursday at a Cofact summit held in Bangkok to mark International Fact-Checking Day (April 2).
Cofact brought together a wide range of journalists, civil society organisations, academics, and corporate representatives, including Sure and Share, AFP Fact-Check Thailand, and the Society for Online News Providers (SONP).
Cofact announced that 2022 will be “The Year of Fact Checking” in Thailand, a concerted effort aimed at strengthening Thailand’s ability to counter disinformation and misinformation.
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ภาคีเครือข่าย 39 องค์กร ร่วมจัดเวทีสัมนาไฮบริดเนื่องในวาระ “วันตรวจสอบข่าวลวงโลก” (International Fact-Checking Day 2021) “ความท้าทายในการตรวจสอบข้อเท็จจริงร่วมกัน”
เมื่อวันที่ 2 เม.ย. 2564 ที่โรงแรมศิวาเทล ภาคีร่วมจัดเวทีสัมนาโฮบริดเนื่องในวาระ “วันตรวจสอบข่าวลวงโลก” (International Fact-Checking Day 2021) “ความท้าทายในการตรวจสอบข้อเท็จจริงร่วมกัน”
Hybrid conference to celebrate International Fact-Checking Day 2021 in Thailand: Challenges towards Collaborative Action on Fact-Checking.
2nd April 2021 at 9.00 AM. – 5.00 PM.
Live on Fb: @ThaiPBSFAN @CofactThailand
MORNING SESSION
9.00 – 9.30 AM.Opening Ceremony
Opening remarks by Pairoj Saonuam, MD PhD, Assistant Chief Executive Officer, Thai Health Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth)Associate Professor Dr. Preeda Akarachantachote, Dean of Faculty of Communications Arts, Chulalongkorn University,Jeerapong Prasertpolkrung, Secretary-General, Thai Journalists Association (TJA),Frederic Spohr, Head of FNF Thailand & Myanmar, Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom (FNF)
9.30 – 10.30 AM.Keynote + Q&A
Keynote speeches: Fact-Checking Challenges across the globe in time of crisis. Baybars Orsek, Director of International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN)
10.30 – 11.30 AM.Panel 1
Fact-Checking Recap in Thailand: Prospects and Pain Points bySupinya Klangnarong, Co-Founder, COFACT Thailand,Peerapon Anutarasoat, Head of Sure and Share Center, Thai News Agency, MCOT,Nattakorn Ploddee, Fact-Check Editor, AFP Thailand,Rawee Tawantharong, President of Online News Providers Association (SONP),Santiphap Phoemmongkhonsap, Deputy Director of Anti-Fake News CenterModerated by Saijai Liangpansakul, Phandeeyar
11.30 AM. Press Conference
Press Conference on Collaborative Action on Fact-Checking Year in Thailand:April 2, 2021 – April 2, 2022
Lunch
AFTERNOON SESSION
1.00–1.15 PM. 1.15 – 2.30PM. Panel 2
Afternoon-session Opening remark by Associate Professor Dr. Nitida Saengsingkeaw, Deputy dean for academic affairs, Faculty of Journalism and Communication, Thammasart UniversityAcademic Overview on Mis/Disinformation in Thailand by Dr. Isara Anantavarasilp, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL) & advisor to Wisesights’ research project. Dr. Jirawate Rugchat, Faculty of Mass Communication, Chiang Mai University, Assistant Professor Phirakan Kai-Nunna, Faculty of Communication Sciences, Prince of Songkla University & advisor to Deep South COFACT. Moderated by Dr.Jessada Salathong, Faculty of Communication Arts, Chulalongkorn University
2.30 – 3.30 PM.Panel 3
Lessons-learned from COFACT Communities:Maruf Chebueraheng Director of Digital4Peace & Deep South COFACTKamol Homklin, Coordinator, Esan COFACTAssistant Professor Dr.Napat Raungnapakul, Consumers Network in Northern Thailand Associate Professor Nuntiya Doungphummes, Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia, Mahidol UniversityModerated by Dr.Uajit Virojtrirat, Advisor to COFACT Thailand & Media Alert
3.30 – 4.30 PM.Panel 4
Global Insights from Social Media Platforms. (TBC)Facebook, Google, Youtube Twitter
4.30PM.–.5.00PM. Closing remarks ‘From Truth seeking to Peace building’ by Ven Napan Santibhaddo, Chairpersonof the Board, Institute of Buddhist Management for Happiness and Peace Foundation (IBHAP Foundation) Theerada Suphaphong, Thailand representative, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD)
Online campaign – ‘Everyone is a fact-checker.’
9.00 PM. – 11 PM. Reflection
Reflection on Clubhouse ‘From April Fool’s to Fact-Checking Day.’’Hosted by Sure and Share Center, Thai News Agency, MCOT.
ปาฐกถาเรื่อง “การตรวจสอบข่าวลวงในภาวะวิกฤติรอบโลก” โดย Baybars Orsek ผู้อำนวยการเครือข่ายองค์กรตรวจสอบข่าวสากล Director of International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN)
Challenges of digital citizens during the New Normal
By COFACT Thailand
What will the future look like if everything in life is fitted with sensors? It will certainly track misplaced objects more easily. The comfort, on the other hand, can put one’s personal data at risk because technology has positive and negative effects on daily lives.
During the opening remarks of the 14th Year-end Digital Thinkers Forum co-organized by COFACT, Thai Health Promotion Foundation, Thailand Institute of Justice and Friedrich Naumann Foundation on 26 November 2020, Ms. Supinya Klangnarong, co-founder of COFACT-Thailand welcomed academics and experts from different fields to a brainstorming meeting under the theme: “Promoting Digital intelligence to deal with cybercrime in the New Normal”.
Intelligence of digital citizens during the New Normal
When the technology evolves rapidly, what follows is humans are struggling to catch up with the status quo, especially the dark side of technology. The rapid change brings up questions about morals and concerns about growing cybercrime that has become part of daily life. For instance, if genetic code can be completely cracked that it allows parents to choose gender, hair color or facial structure for their babies. Children may not be able to grow up because parents control them. Cybercrime can cause an economic downturn. Some jobs like call centers and banks will vanish, but at the same time, new job opportunities will be created, or existing jobs like psychiatrists are growing more important.
Ms. Supinya has urged people to embrace significant changes such as human microchip implant, digital identity, digital wearable devices, autonomous car and artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace. The digital transformation will make our lives far easier, but people should embrace and use it wisely, otherwise they will fall into the cybercrime trap.
There’re four elements of being an intelligent digital citizen which consist of
Brain: to have a comprehensive understanding and apply our knowledge wisely Heart: to integrate thinking into feeling and connect with yourself as well as others Soul : to be aware of emotion, common goals, trust and goodness that altogether lead to positive change and the creation of public benefits Body: to cultivate your own healthy lifestyle and those of people around you. For example, kids these days know how to use iPad. Gadget overuse have eventually changed human’s body structure. The spine of humans in the next decade will bent forward
Although technology has progressed this far, humanity still serves as a foundation for social unity even in the digital era.
Smart cyber criminals
Since a Covid-19 lockdown, the world sees a surge in scams on average, especially in Asia – Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, accounting for more than 60 percent of the world’s population. Types of computer crimes have also increased such as job frauds, fake charity and online gambling. The police are struggling to combat with rapidly increasing cybercrime and track down the so-called “Smart Thieves”. Meanwhile, law enforcement fails to keep up with cybercrime which is now skyrocketing. Working from home is also a factor that leads to a rise in internet banking scam.
Challenge for digital citizens during outbreak is that people feel their freedom to live is being threatened. This feeling occurs because the government tracks the people’s locations and activities as a way to process patients for medical service and bring COVID-19 under control.
Ms. Supinya Klangnarong, co-founder of COFACT-Thailand
Ms. Supinya stressed that a more balanced digital citizenship remains questionable, bringing up some cases that emerged during lockdown.
“More people worldwide are turning to the popular free porn website, with Thais ranking one of the website’s top countries in terms of traffic. If we choose to focus on the bright side, it helps decrease women’s risk of sexual assaults. But the video clips may contain content from sexually exploited women,” she explained.
Among the key speakers, Lieutenant Colonel Preab-phrom Mekiyanon (พันตำรวจโทหญิง เพรียบพร้อม เมฆิยานนท์) , Acting Inspector, the Thailand Internet Crimes Against Children (TICAC) Task Force under the Technology Crime Suppression Division (TCSD) has highlighted that the police can’t keep up with the rising cybercrime, especially the transboundary crimes online.
“During COVID-19, a large number of children are sexually abused. For example, children are being lured into recording a video of masturbating themselves. The price of each video ranges from 5,000 to 50,000 baht. There are cases in which foreigners fool retired people into entering a relationship and steal all hard-earned savings. With technology such as Google Translation, criminals can reach out to victims in a faster and easier way, making it the borderless crime. For instance, about 50,000 – 60,000 images of naked children are sold in Australia. For each case, it takes about one year to track down the criminal and advanced technology makes the hunt even more difficult,” Lieutenant Colonel Preab-phrom said.
Thus, being an intelligent digital citizen is a must choice in order to deal with threats which are no longer far-fetched. People can’t wait for the authorities to track down the cyber criminals because it is becoming more difficult. The best way is to protect our rights because no one is going to care for you for 24 hours, she added.
Build smart digital citizens
During a brainstorming session, many experts have discussed ways to build smart digital citizens. Among them is Dr. Napat Ruangnapakul, Deputy Dean at the Faculty of Information and Communication, Maejo University, who shed light on digital literacy among children at schools. She gave an example, saying in Australia, digital literacy has been integrated into the curriculum from kindergarten to secondary school in order to provide students with a better understanding of digital technologies. She believed Australia has set a good example that Thailand should follow.
“At present, 10 generic competences of digital literacy are being taught for students from kindergarten level onward. The subject gets more difficult as the grade rises. The topics also include cyberbullying to protect children from negative posts online. As of now, 13 schools focus on digital citizenship courses. Children are urged to change passwords regularly because hacking the passwords will be much easier in the near future. Digital intelligence and digital citizen will drive the economic and improves people’s well-being. ”
While Asst. Prof. Malee Boonsiripun, former dean of the Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication, Thammasart University has echoed the above sentiments about digital literacy for children, saying young populations should be prepared for the digital transformation as well as threats.
“We must prepare children since their school days, equipped them with digital intelligence and guide them to be a media literate. Curriculum should be designed appropriately for their ages, culture, opportunities and trust. I watched Social Media Dilemma on Netflix. It was wonderful. The documentary shows us that we tend to use more social networks because of algorithms and AI. When we search something on the internet, we use the same keywords which later lead to the one-sided information. This is dangerous because it can divide the society, devalue our thinking and change our behavior unconsciously. We have to talk about this at schools and make the kids realize what dangers that await. The ability to analyze and think critically should exist at schools, so they are aware of what they are absorbing, and which one is real. Memorizing texts doesn’t work anymore. Teachers around the word now act as coaches. Teachers must listen to students and guide them the ways,” said Asst. Prof. Malee.
Asst. Prof. Malee Boonsiripun, former dean of the Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication, Thammasart University
“I look forward to tangible recommendations to design the curriculum such as courses on media technology and media literacy. While the media must verify information before reporting. Although news is now being shared online, but people rely more on mainstream media than on social media. Roles of journalists are still important in raising awareness of the dark side of technology,” she suggested.
Another speaker, Ms. Saijai Liangpunsakul, director of Phandeeyar put more emphasis on self-communication during the digital era.
“Today, digital dependency is now threatening ourselves. People rely on technology too much and have lost ability to communicate with each other. People do not have enough time for self-care. Alone time is necessary, and it has the potential to trigger our creativity for innovation. We’ve started losing human connection, but it is the misuse of technology that threatens our society. Mobile technology, for example, is developed to help us contact our loved ones, but today we use it to break up with our partners.
“Let’s become a technology minimalist. For example, do not play with your phone while eating, look at someone in front of you, not your phone screen or focus more on work and stop being distracted by Facebook. If we’re intelligent digital citizens, we should know how to use technology wisely,” said Ms. Saijai.
The panel discussion shows the audience ways to become smarter digital citizens. Curriculum at schools should be designed in such a way that children can deal with accelerated digital changes. Younger generations and kids from kindergarten level onward should be more aware of a digital future, so they do not fall into the technology trap or fall victim to cybercriminals who are so hard to be caught. At the same time, let them be prepared for the next pandemic.